Wall sheathing is an essential component of building construction, and there are so many different options to choose from.
Choosing the right sheathing for your situation is important for the strength, insulation, and safety of your building.
What is Wall Sheathing?
Wall sheathing is a layer of material attached to the exterior wall framing of a building that provides added strength, insulation, and protection from the elements. Plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and fiber cement board are a few examples of wall sheathing materials. It is frequently used in residential and commercial construction.
It can also be a base for exterior siding such as stucco, or brick.
Here's why it's recommended to sheath your walls:
- Sheathing on the walls gives the building's frame an extra layer of support and rigidity, which helps the structure distribute loads more evenly.
- It shields the building's interior from moisture and harm since they act as a barrier against wind, rain, snow, and other exterior factors.
- The insulation qualities of some types of wall sheathing, like foam insulation sheathing, also aid in lowering heat loss and enhancing energy effectiveness.
- In the event of a fire, certain wall sheathing materials, like gypsum board, offer fire resistance.
Options for Wall Sheathing
There are several types of wall sheathing materials to choose from, each with its pros and cons.
| Type of Wall Sheathing | Plywood | OSB | Gypsum Board | Foam Sheathing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material | Wood veneers bonded with adhesive | Wood strands bonded with resin | Plaster core covered with paper | Extruded polystyrene or polyisocyanurate |
| Strength | High | High | Low | Low |
| Durability | High | Moderate | Low | High |
| Moisture Resistance | Fair | Poor | Poor | Excellent |
| Fire Resistance | Low | Low | High | Low |
| Insulation Value | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Cost | Moderate | Low | Low | High |
Here's a brief explanation of each type of wall sheathing material:
Plywood Sheathing
Plywood is created by adhering thin veneer wood layers in alternate grain directions.
It is a robust and long-lasting choice that doesn't warp or shrink.
Moreover, plywood is simple to work with and gives the wall good stiffness.
Oriented Strand Board(OSB) Sheathing
Oriented strand board (OSB) is created by connecting wood strands with resin.
It is more common in residential buildings and is a cost-effective alternative to plywood.
Although OSB is sturdy and resilient, it cannot hold up as well as plywood in environments with a lot of moisture or humidity.
Weyerhaeuser is a well-known US manufacturer of high-quality OSB wall sheathing panels.
Plywood and OSB are also suitable for skip, and roof sheathing.
They are also common subfloor materials.
Gypsum Board
A Gypsum board is a typical internal wall finish material, also called drywall.
It is made of compressed gypsum plasters with fiberglass facings on the front, back, and long edges.
Although lightweight and simple to install, gypsum board is not as sturdy or long-lasting as other materials.
Sheathing made of fiberboard is sometimes used for wall sheathing, but it has lower fire resistance
Foam Sheathing
Foam sheathing made of foam insulation offers weather protection as well as insulation.
It is a low-density substance with good moisture resistance.
They are easier to handle since they are lightweight.
Additionally, foam sheathing provides a high level of insulation.
While plywood and OSB are popular choices due to their strength and durability, foam sheathing is a good option for improving energy efficiency.
It's important to consider factors such as cost, availability, strength, durability, moisture resistance, fire resistance, and insulation value when choosing a material for wall sheathing.
Consulting with a professional can help you determine the best material for your project.
Non-Structural Exterior Wall Sheathing: What is it?
Non-structural exterior wall sheathing is a type of sheathing used outside a structure for weather protection and insulation but does not significantly support the wall's structural integrity.
It provides a barrier against moisture, wind, and other environmental elements.
They are generally lighter and thinner than structural sheathing materials and may have insulating properties to help improve the energy efficiency of the building.
Non-structural exterior wall sheathing is less likely to use Plywood or OSB.
Some common types of non-structural exterior wall sheathing materials include foam sheathing, gypsum board, and wood-based sheathing.
Select a high-quality material and ensure appropriate installation, to guarantee the lifespan and durability of your building's exterior.
How Much Does it Cost to Install Wall Sheathing?
Here is the average cost to install wall sheathing for different materials in the United States:
| Material | Average Cost per Square Foot | Estimated Labor Cost per Square Foot | Total Cost per Square Foot |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plywood | $0.70 - $1.00 | $0.80 - $1.00 | $1.50 - $2.00 |
| OSB | $0.70 - $0.90 | $0.30 - $0.60 | $1.00 - $1.50 |
| Foam Sheathing | $1.50 - $2.50 | $1.00 - $1.50 | $2.50 - $3.50 |
| Gypsum Board | $0.40 - $0.60 | $1.10 - $1.40 | $1.50 - $2.00 |
Please note that these are typical cost estimates and that your actual costs can change depending on the project's location, scale, complexity, labor, and material costs.
The Thickness of Wall Sheathing
Here are the standard thicknesses of common wall sheathing materials used in the United States:
| Sheathing Material | Standard Thicknesses |
|---|---|
| Plywood | 1/8" to 3/4" |
| Oriented Strand Board (OSB) | 5/16" to 3/4" |
| Gypsum Board (Drywall/Plasterboard) | 1/2" to 5/8" |
| Foam Sheathing | 1" to 2" |
It's important to note that local building codes may specify minimum thickness requirements for wall sheathing based on factors such as wind resistance, seismic activity, and insulation requirements.
Installation of Wall Sheathing
Here's a step-by-step guide for installing wall sheathing:
Ensure the wall framing is level and plumb.
You should install the sheathing over a clean, dry, and flat surface.
Remove any protruding nails or screws from the studs and fill gaps with a suitable filler or sealer.
Measure and note the sheathing panel dimensions.
Cut the panels to size with a circular saw or handsaw, allowing a 1/8-inch gap between panels to allow for expansion.
Start at the bottom of the wall and work your way up.
Nail or screw the sheathing panels to the framing, starting at one corner and working across the wall.
Use 8d or 10d nails, or #8 or #9 wood screws, spaced 6 to 8 inches apart along the edges and 12 to 16 inches apart in the field.
Check that the panel is level and plumb before fastening.
Continue installing the panels, making sure to stagger the joints between panels.
Staggering the joints helps to strengthen the wall and prevent the sheathing from warping.
Install the panels so that the long edges are perpendicular to the studs.
On the sheathing panels, measure and mark the window and door openings.
To make the apertures, use a saw and carefully cut according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Install flashing around windows and doors, to stop water from leaking into the wall cavity.
You should install flashing above the sheathing and behind the weatherproof barrier.
To add a layer of weather protection, apply a layer of building paper or house wrap over the sheathing.
Ensure the wrap or paper is lapped and taped at the seams.
You can finish the external wall with the siding material of your choice.
Be careful to adhere to the installation guidelines provided by the manufacturer.
Check the installation for any gaps or flaws after installation.
Which is Better for Wall Sheathing: Nails or Screws?
Nails are a good choice if you're looking for a fast and cost-effective option.
They are easier to install and typically less expensive than screws.
However, nails have less holding power than screws and can work themselves loose over time, which can be a concern in areas prone to high winds or earthquakes.
If you're looking for a strong and durable option, screws are a good choice.
They provide better-holding power than nails and are less likely to work themselves loose over time.
However, screws are more expensive and require pre-drilling, making the installation process slower than using nails.
Generally, it's a good idea to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for fastener type and spacing when installing wall sheathing to ensure a safe and durable installation.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ)
Is there a Difference Between Sheathing and Drywall?
Yes, sheathing and drywall are two different materials used in construction.
The sheathing is a structural material installed over a building's exterior framing, while drywall is an interior finishing material used to cover walls and ceilings.
Is Wall Sheathing Waterproof?
Wall sheathing is normally not waterproof on its own, but when combined with other building materials, it can offer water protection.
It also depends upon the type of sheathing material used.
For example, foam sheathing can provide water resistance to an extent.
It's crucial to remember that no building material is completely waterproof and that the longevity and durability of the building envelope depend on correct installation and maintenance.
What Comes After Sheathing?
After wall sheathing is installed, the next step in the construction process typically involves the installation of a weather-resistant barrier (WRB), such as building wrap or felt paper.
The WRB helps to prevent water from penetrating the wall assembly while allowing moisture to escape, which can help prevent issues with mold and rot.
Subsequent steps in the construction process include the installation of windows and doors, insulation, and exterior finishes, such as siding or stucco.
The specific order and details of the construction process vary depending on the type of building and the building code requirements in the area.
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